@article { author = {Khodakarami, Batul and Golalizadeh Bibalan, Faegheh and Soltani, Farzaneh and Soltanian, Alireza and Mohagheghi, Hussein}, title = {Impact of a Counseling Program on Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Spiritual Intelligence in Pregnant Women}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {858-866}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.7755}, abstract = {Background & aim: Recent studies showed that spirituality and spiritual intelligence in pregnant women are associated with mental reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spiritual counseling on pregnant women's spiritual intelligence and common mental reactions during pregnancy. Methods: Inthis quasi-experimental study, 80 multiparous and nulliparous pregnant women were randomly selected from among pregnant women referring to our clinic. The patients were screened and then randomly assigned to intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. The intervention group was divided into four groups of ten and then received spiritual counseling during eight sessions. The control group only received the routine care. The data was collected by using a demographic form, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and King spiritual intelligence scale. Both groups were followed immediately and two months after the intervention. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical statistics were used in SPSS, version 16. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in mean scores of depression, anxiety, stress, spiritual intelligence, and its components between the two groups (P>0.05). However, immediately and two month after the intervention, the results showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean scores of depression, anxiety, stress, spiritual intelligence, and its components (p <0.05). There was a non-significant difference in the mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress over time (before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention) in the intervention group (P>0.05). The mean scores of spiritual intelligence and its components significantly increased over time (before, immediately, and two months after the intervention) in the intervention group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Spiritual counseling was effective in enhancing spiritual intelligence and controlling depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnant women.}, keywords = {Anxiety,Depression,pregnancy,Spiritual Intelligence,stress}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_7755.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_7755_ea2d7e36dcdf75c225c9932ac535e0e2.pdf} } @article { author = {Kordi, Masoumeh and Riyazi, Sahar and Lotfalizade, Marzieh and Shakeri, Mohamad Taghi}, title = {Relationship of Informed Choice about Fetal Anomaly Screening with Worry and Anxiety in Pregnant Women}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {867-872}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8153}, abstract = {Background & aim: The purpose of prenatal screening programs during pregnancy is to empower the women to make an informed choice and reduce the uncertainty in decision making. However, the screening itself may cause worry and anxiety in the pregnant females. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of the informed choice in the pregnant females about fetal anomaly screening with worry and anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 pregnant females, who referred to the healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2014. The data collection was performed using the individual-pregnancy information and informed choice questionnaires, Cambridge Worry Scale, and Spielberger’s Anxiety Inventory. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and logistic regression through SPSS version 16. The P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 160 pregnant females participating in this study, 85.6% (n=137) and 14.4% (n=23) of them had informed and uninformed choices about the screening tests, respectively. Based on the logistic regression analysis, pregnant women’s informed choice had no statistically significant relationship with worry (P=0.44), state anxiety (P=0.43), and trait anxiety (P=0.92). Conclusion: The process of informed choice is a very important part regarding the screening of fetal anomalies in pregnancy. Therefore, practitioners and midwives must ensure that the pregnant females have informed choice for these tests. As a result, their choice would have the highest level of satisfaction and the lowest amount of anxiety.}, keywords = {Anxiety,Chromosomal abnormalities,Informed Consent,Prenatal Screening,Worry}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8153.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8153_5e05d9cfc4396d7305ba82e0d944917f.pdf} } @article { author = {Golmakani, Nahid and Soltani, Mahboubeh and Ghayour Mobarhan, Majid and Mazloom, Seyed Reza}, title = {Evaluation of the Effects of an Educational Intervention Based on the Ottawa Nutritional Guideline on Health-Related Quality of Life in Pregnant Women with Nausea and Vomiting}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {873-881}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.7800}, abstract = {Background & aim: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is among the most common problems in pregnant women. As explained in guidelines, combination of non-drug treatments, including nutritional modifications, lifestyle changes, and use of alternative medicine for the treatment of NVP has been less highlighted. The present study was performed with the aim of determining the effect of an educational intervention (based on the Ottawa nutritional guideline) on health-related quality of life in pregnant women with NVP. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was performed on 60 pregnant women, referred to Daneshamouz and Ahmadi health centers in Mashhad, Iran in 2015. The intervention group received two 60-min training sessions based on the Ottawa nutritional guideline, while the control group received routine care. The data collection tools included the subject selection form, demographic and midwifery information form, health-related quality of life for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVPQOL) questionnaire, and the Ottawa guideline checklist. For data analysis, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA were performed, using SPSS version 16. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The demographic characteristics of the subjects such as education, occupational status, age, gestational age, and body mass index were homogenous in the two groups. The mean NVPQOL score was significantly different between the intervention and control groups after the study (p <0.001). Also, the difference between the pre- and post-intervention scores was significant in the intervention group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, training based on the Ottawa nutritional guideline could improve health-related quality of life in women with NVP; therefore, this type of training is recommended as an effective method.}, keywords = {nausea and vomiting,pregnancy,Quality of life}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_7800.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_7800_0a5f1c0eaa232a05eb0e0635cb16e6ae.pdf} } @article { author = {Katebi, Maryam Sadat and Khadivzadeh, Talat and Sepehri Shamloo, Zohre and Esmaily, Habibolah}, title = {Evaluating Midwives Communication Skills from the Perspective of Parturient Women Attending to Hospitals for Delivery}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {882-889}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.8019}, abstract = {Background & aim: Communication is a fundamental human need. Medical students and healthcare professionals must be attuned to the needs of patients using effective communication skills. With regards to medical training, currently the focus is on theoretical matters and communication skills are taken for granted. This problem has caused miscommunication with patients referred to teaching hospitals. We conducted this study to assess communication skills of midwives from the perspective of parturient women. Methods: In this descriptive study, we evaluated 50 midwives working in maternity wards of Ghaem, Imam Reza, Omolbanin, and Hasheminejad hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. Three parturient women were selected per one midwife in a maternity ward. The parturient women participating in this study were in labor, delivery, admission or postpartum stages and completed the Interpersonal Communication Skills inventory by interview. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation were performed, using SPSS 16. Results: The mean scores of communication behaviors of midwives with parturient in delivery, admission, and postpartum stages were 92.61±10.81, 93.31±10.59, and 94.19±8.26, respectively. Between the previous delivery of parturient, with communication behavior of midwives in the stage of admiss­ion or post-partum (P=0.015) and satisfaction of pregnancy with communication behavior of midwife in labor stage (p <0.04), there was satisfactory significant. Conclusion: From the perspective of parturient women, the midwives’ communication was average. Today, the midwives’ communication skills are of optimal importance in health system development plan. Thus, implementing training programs on communication skills while utilizing modern methods and emphasizing on specific educational needs of midwives, as well as continuing to monitor their communication behaviors are recommended.}, keywords = {Communication,Midwifery,pregnancy}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8019.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8019_0881c707bf8ff7771b16181153ff5426.pdf} } @article { author = {Hegde, Asha and Shetty, Avinash and Kamath, Veena and Bhaskaran, Unnikrishnan and Kamath, Asha and Roy, Kallol and Ashok, Lena and Suvarna, Mamatha}, title = {Reproductive Health Matters among Indian Adolescents: A Qualitative Study}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {890-896}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.7967}, abstract = {Background & aim: Qualitative perspectives of the reproductive health (RH) facilities and Adolescent Friendly Health Services (AFHS) are still unexplored issues among the Indian adolescents. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to explore the perceptions and awareness about the RH and its facilities among the adolescents in two districts in India. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on 197 individuals (i.e., 102 boys and 95 girls within the age of 15-19 years), selected from two Indian districts through stratified purposeful sampling method. For the purpose of the study, 16 focus group discussions (FGD) were held using pre-tested FGD guide. All tape-recorded data were fully transcribed and thematic analysis was performed using inductive coding. Results: As the results indicated, a set of four themes, 12 subthemes, 52 open codes, and 12 categories was developed. The boys had lower parent-child proximity for discussing puberty changes, compared to the girls. They were totally unaware of the state sponsored RH services. On the other hand, the girls had better access to health care schemes provided by the government. Conclusion: According to the findings,the utilization of the RH services was poor among the adolescents in the two districts investigated in this study. It would be advisable to carry out more studies addressing the RH-related concerns of the adolescents, especially the boys.}, keywords = {Adolescents,Adolescent Friendly Health Services,Perspectives of adolescents,Qualitative study,Reproductive health,South India}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_7967.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_7967_01570f5967e531b0ce3512de1c3d673a.pdf} } @article { author = {Dehghani, Abbas and Dehghani, Parvin and Dehghani, Behzad}, title = {HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Attitude among High School Students in Shiraz, Iran in 2015}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {897-903}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8451}, abstract = {Background & aim: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The awareness of HIV preventive measures and its transmission routes have an important role in controlling the HIV infection in the society. Regarding this, the present study aimed to investigate the awareness and attitudes of the high school students regarding HIV/AIDS infection in Shiraz, Iran, in 2015. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 102 students, selected form six high schools. The students and schools were selected using the random sampling technique. The data were collected using a standard researcher-made questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test through SPSS version 18. Results: As the results of the present study indicated, 55% of the participants were male, and the majority of them were about 17-18 years old. The participants’ general knowledge about HIV was found to be at moderate level. However, they had insufficient awareness of the associated transmission routes and major causes of this disease. The students majoring in biological sciences were more aware of this issue than other students. In addition, the majority of the students had highly positive attitudes towards the AIDS patients and confirmed their right to live and use all facilities. However, a large proportion of the students denied to share a location or personal items with these patients. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, almost all students had high level of general information about HIV. Nonetheless, given the students’ low awareness and knowledge levels about the HIV transmission routes, the administration of the related educational programs is an urgent need to correct the students’ misconceptions about the HIV patients and improve their knowledge in this regard.}, keywords = {Awareness,high school students,HIV,Iran}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8451.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8451_9e28f5f1a03d0d936cd4cfc962183985.pdf} } @article { author = {Yousefzadeh, Sedigheh and Golmakani, Nahid and Nameni, Fatemeh}, title = {The Comparison of Sex Education with and without Religious Thoughts in Sexual Function of Married Women}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {904-910}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8384}, abstract = {Background & aim: One of the most important events in human life is marriage. Sexual satisfaction is one of the effective factors in a successful marriage. Accordingly, sexual health education is necessary. Sex education should be in line with the cultural, religious, and social infrastructures of the society. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sex education with and without religious teachings on sexual performance of married women. Methods: This clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design was performed in four health centers that were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling, in 2013. A total of 64 women were chosen with regard to the inclusion criteria, such as formal marriage and first marriage, age of marriage ≥ 1, married life with husband, monogamous marriage, and participating in training sessions (sexual health education and sexual health based on religious teachings) that were held for six weeks. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and a demographic characteristics form were used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient in SPSS, version 16. Results: In the intervention group, the mean score of Female Sexual Function Index was significantly different before and after the training program (P=0.03). The subgroups of sexual desire, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction in the intervention group and subgroups of arousal and sexual satisfaction in the control group were significantly different after the intervention (P<0.05). Sexual satisfaction in both groups was significantly different in comparison with baseline (P<0.01). Conclusion: Considering the religious culture of Iran, sex education based on religious teachings can enhance sexual performance.}, keywords = {Sexual function,Sexual teaching,Religious teachings}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8384.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8384_2016a052a2724f5a1740cd2249a206b0.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahmati, Raziyeh and khadivzadeh, Talat and Esmaily, Habibollah and Bahrami, Hamid Reza}, title = {Evaluation of the Performance of the Health Care Workers in Giving Consultation about the Fertility Promotion}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {911-918}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8598}, abstract = {Background & aim: Counseling is the first and most important tasks of the health care providers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the midwives and health care providers in the healthcare centers affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in giving consultation about the fertility promotion. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 midwives and health care providers working in the midwifery, maternal-child, and family planning units of the health centers and community health centers in Mashhad, Iran in 2015. The subjects of the study were selected using the stratified and cluster sampling methods. The data collection was performed using an observation checklist and a self-assessment questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Pearson correlation coefficient through the SPSS version 16. Results: According to the results of the study, the mean performance of the health workers in fertility counseling was 21.2±12.5 out of 79, which represented a weak level in this regard. The counseling performance had a significant relationship with the education, age of marriage, and husband's job (P<0.05). In addition, the mean fertility counseling performance score obtained from the self-assessment was 30.7±3.3 out of 36, indicating a good performance. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from the observation checklist, the fertility promotion counseling performance of most of the participants was at a poor level. However, the results of the self-assessment demonstrated that the majority of the participants had a good level of counseling performance in this regard. Regarding this, it is essential to train the counseling skills to the midwives and health care providers according to the country's new policies in terms of fertility promotion.}, keywords = {Counseling,Fertility,Health care workers,Performance,Self-assessment}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8598.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8598_8f44e94955830e2f32541c7736eb4b15.pdf} } @article { author = {Irani, Shohreh and Ahmadi, Firoozeh and Javam, Maryam}, title = {Evaluation of the Uterine Causes of Female Infertility by Ultrasound: A Literature Review}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {919-926}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8252}, abstract = {Background & aim: Various uterine disorders lead to infertility in women of reproductive ages. This study was performed to describe the common uterine causes of infertility and sonographic evaluation of these causes for midwives. Methods: This literature review was conducted on the manuscripts published at such databases as Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID as well as the original text books between 1985 and 2015. The search was performed using the following keywords: infertility, uterus, ultrasound scan, transvaginal sonography, endometrial polyp, fibroma, leiomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia, intrauterine adhesion, Asherman’s syndrome, uterine synechiae, adenomyosis, congenital uterine anomalies, and congenital uterine malformations. Results: Atotal of approximately 180 publications were retrieved from the respective databases out of which 44 articles were more related to our topic and studied as suitable references. In addition, 11 published books on ultrasonography and infertility were evaluated to provide more precise knowledge on the mentioned areas. According to the literature, ultrasonography has a crucial role in the investigation and differentiation of uterine disorders in females with infertility. However, the diagnosis depends on the day of menstruation, clinical prese-ntations, and the suspected uterine disorder. In this review, we provided the key notes about proper timing of the ultrasound examination. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is the first step imaging tool in the investigation of female infertility, which provides information for the diagnosis of uterine disorders. However, the accurate diagnosis depends on the “time of evaluation”. Therefore, every midwife needs to learn about the “optimum timing” for ultrasound evaluation based on each patient.}, keywords = {female infertility,Menstrual cycle,Ultrasound,Uterus}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8252.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8252_fc29c55e333e963decb989b626715aa6.pdf} } @article { author = {Sharma, Nalini and Lalnunnem, Thiek J and Yookerine, Khonglah and Santa Singh, Ahanthem}, title = {Incisional Endometriosis: A Rare Case of Painful Scar}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {927-929}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8212}, abstract = {Background & aim: Scar endometriosis is a rare form of extra-pelvic endometriosis that can occur after surgery involving the uterus. Direct mechanical implantation seems to be the most conceivable theory for scar endometriosis. Patient usually presents with lump and pain at surgical site. Often the diagnosis of endometriosis is not suggested until histology has been performed. Case report: We hereby present a case of scar endometriosis diagnosed preoperatively by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Scar endometriosis is a rare cause of painful scar; therefore, high index of suspicion is suggested in clinching the diagnosis. Conclusion:The recommended treatment is wide surgical excision with at least 1 cm margin on all sides. While performing lower segment caesarean section some preventive measures should be taken to prevent its occurrence. Histopathological examination is mandatory, as there is rare possibility of malignant transformation. Follow-up is advisable to diagnose recurrence.}, keywords = {Caesarean section,Endometriosis,Extra pelvic,scar}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8212.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8212_572f417eb1e1233325b71016ba4f9882.pdf} }