@article { author = {Martin, Colin and Jomeen, Julie and Jarrett, Patricia}, title = {The Development and Initial Validation of the Perinatal Mental Health Awareness Scale in Student Midwives}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1021-1031}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.9251}, abstract = {Background: Perinatal mental health problems have been demonstrated to impact upon maternal, and fetal/child outcomes. Despite the global evidence and a policy-driven responsibility for identification of these problems, research demonstrates that student midwives/midwives lack knowledge and confidence to assess, identify, and manage them. A similar context is evident for learning disabilities, despite the holistic care philosophy of midwifery. A brief assessment tool to identify knowledge and confidence defecits and strengths within a holistic care framework could support curriculum development. This study sought to develop a Perinatal Mental Health Awareness scale and evaluate its psychometric properties in student midwives. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional and exploratory instrument development and evaluation design to determine the measurement veracity of the new scale. Results: The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties, revealing three subscales mapping onto (i) mental health symptoms, (ii) physical/medical issues and (iii) learning disability. Results indicated a clear differentiation in scores across the subscales, indicating comparative deficits in mental health domains. Conclusion: Our findings facilitate confidence in the psychometric robustness of the measure. The scale enables student midwives to assess and compare different domains of midwifery practice, in line with a holistic model of midwifery care. A focus on physical health in midwifery education appears to disadvantage knowledge and confidence for managing mental health problems in a midwifery context. This valuable finding highlights the potential need for curriculum rebalancing. The measure offers the opportunity to assess and develop curriculum/training provision and monitor the effectiveness of subsequent curricular developments.}, keywords = {Assessment,Curriculum,Holistic,Learning disability,Perinatal mental health,Psychometric}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9251.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9251_751c90ee5cf8b8ed824bfda7dbc1878d.pdf} } @article { author = {Chepchirchir, Maritim Violet and Nyamari, Jackim and Keraka, Margaret}, title = {Associated Factors with Puerperal Sepsis among Reproductive Age Women in Nandi County, Kenya}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1032-1040}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.9348}, abstract = {Background & aim: Studies have shown that puerperal sepsis is a major cause of maternal morbidity and the second cause of maternal mortality in the developing world. This study aimed to determine the incidence and management of puerperal sepsis among the women of reproductive age (i.e., 15-49 years) attending to two hospitals in Nandi County, Kenya. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 women who were diagnosed with puerperal sepsis and referred to two hospitals in Nandi County. Four health care providers in charge of these patients were also included in the study. The sampling was performed using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using a structured interview administered by the researcher. Data analysis was performed through SPSS version 20 using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: According to the results of the study, there was a statistically significant relationship between antenatal care attendance and labor duration (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.80). The mothers who had a short labor were 0.35 times more likely to have attended health care facilities to receive antenatal care as compared to those with a long labor. In addition, the food availability showed a significant relationship with duration of labor (OR=5, 95% CI: 1.8-14.28). The mothers with adequate food were five times more likely to experience a short labor compared to those with food shortage. The results also revealed that there was a lack of knowledge on the etiology of infection in the area under investigation. Moreover, the health care facilities were short of the adequate prerequisites to perform puerperal sepsis awareness both in the clinics and community. Conclusion: The findings of the present study underscored the necessity of supplying funds by the Ministry of Health to raise the individuals’ awareness on puerperal sepsis and provide them with hygiene education in the investigated area. The integration of hygiene education and puerperal sepsis awareness into antenatal care services should be performed as a strategy to prevent and control the infection.}, keywords = {Morbidity,Puerperal,Sepsis}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9348.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9348_8746bb0097fbe415a051891820f60ff0.pdf} } @article { author = {Asadisarvestani, Khadijeh and Khoo, Suet and Malek, Noor and Yasin, Suziana and Ahmadi, Aliyar}, title = {Determinants of Contraceptive Usage among Married Women in Shiraz, Iran}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1041-1052}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8771}, abstract = {Background & aim: Contraceptive usage is a central part of the quality of care in the provision of family services. Currently, this issue has gained much importance since the Iranian policy makers are changing their policies about family planning and contraceptives accessibility. Regarding this, the aim of this study was to determine the rate of contraceptive usage and the factors affecting contraceptive use among the married women of reproductive age in Shiraz County, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 626 married women of reproductive age (i.e., 15-49 years) living in Shiraz County (including Shiraz city and the rural areas) using the quantitative survey method. Sampling was performed using multi-stage cluster and purposive sampling techniques. The sample size was determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan’s formula. The data were collected through a questionnaire filled out by some interviewers. Data analysis was performed both descriptively (i.e., frequency and percentage) and analytically (i.e., Chi-square and logistic regression tests) using the SPSS version 20. Results: According to the results of this study, the main predictors of contraceptive usage were couple agreement on contraception method, the number of actual births, women’s authority, knowledge and positive attitude about contraceptives, and the number of desired children. Conclusion: Regarding the new population policies, the Iranian policy makers should be aware of the different aspects of family planning programs, particularly those targeting the contraceptive usage.}, keywords = {Contraceptive usage,Iran,Modern contraceptives,New population policies,Shiraz county,Traditional contraceptives}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8771.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8771_f398ffac78d18357d1cddcb742c0b0be.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafarbegloo, Esmat and Bakouei, Sareh and Dadkhahtehrani, Tahmineh}, title = {Marital Satisfaction in Menopausal Women with and without Sexual Dysfunction}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1053-1058}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8898}, abstract = {Background & aim: The incidence of sexual dysfunction increases during the menopause period. Some menopause women are worried about the reduction of their marital satisfaction due to sexual dysfunction. Regarding this, the present study aimed to compare the marital satisfaction among the menopause women with and without sexual dysfunction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 menopause women, using the convenience sampling method. Based on the Female Sexual Function Index, the women with a score of less than 23 were considered as suffering from sexual dysfunction (n=40). Additionally, those who scored 23 or more did not have any sexual dysfunction (n=40). Then, we compared the marital satisfaction of the two groups using the ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test in the SPSS version 18. The P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of such variables as the participants' and their husbands' age, height, weight, body mass index, number of children, and the age of menopause (P>0.05). In addition, the two groups showed no statistically significant difference regarding the total score of marital satisfaction (t=-1.19, P=0.526). Conclusion: As the findings of this study indicated, the marital satisfaction of the menopause women was probably not influenced by sexual dysfunction. It seems that it is unreasonable for the menopause women to worry about the marital conflicts and disruption of family relationship due to sexual dysfunction.}, keywords = {ENRICH marital satisfaction,Questionnaire,FSFI,Marital satisfaction,Menopause women,Sexual function}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8898.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8898_8287af20753b1a39f725cc0eba9e13e0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdollahi, Monireh and Peyman, Nooshin}, title = {The Effect of an Educational Program based on Health Literacy Strategies on Physical Activity in Postpartum Women}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1059-1065}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.9252}, abstract = {Background & aim: Health literacy is the degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand the required basic health information and services to enhance and sustain good health status. Mothers with higher health literacy may have more physical activity than others in the postpartum period. This study sought to assess the effect of an educational program based on health literacy strategies on promoting physical activity in postpartum women. Methods: This quasi-experimental study conducted on 80 postpartum women who referred to healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran, 2016, and randomly selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The subjects were placed in two groups of control and intervention (n=40 for each group). The intervention group received three 80-min theoretical and practical training sessions based on the health literacy strategies, while the control group received the routine care. Data was collected using Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA), Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) before and eight weeks after training. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square, independent and paired t-tests with SPSS software version 16. Results: There was no significant difference between the levels of health literacy and physical activity among the groups before intervention; however, eight weeks after the educational intervention, the levels of both health literacy and physical activity significantly increased among the intervention group (p <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the education based on the health literacy strategies has an impact on the postpartum physical activity in comparison to the control group with routine training.}, keywords = {Education,Health Literacy,Physical Activity,Postpartum}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9252.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9252_f4835b0abcfe18d9101e592cce22a122.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirfeizi, Mani and Mehdizadeh Tourzani, Zahra and Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad and Moghimi Hanjani, Soheila and Hasanzad, Mandana}, title = {Health Education in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Quality of Life}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1066-1074}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.9256}, abstract = {Background & aim: Incidence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been estimated to be 18.5%. GDM is associated with various challenges in terms of care and public health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of health education and behavioral interventions on the quality of life in the patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 149 eligible participants, who were randomly assigned to the intervention and control group with the allocation ratio of 1:1. Participants were divided into four groups, including nutrition therapy with and without education and insulin therapy with and without education. Follow-up of the patients was performed during 12 weeks (January 2014-April 2015). The educational intervention consisted of various aspects, including diet, exercise, glycemic control, postpartum diabetes control and recommendations for delivery. Primary and secondary outcomes were the effects of the educational intervention on the metabolic control and quality of life, respectively. All the women completed the Iranian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (IDQL-BCI) prior to and after the educational intervention. Data analysis was performed using variance, covariance and Chi-square in SPSS version 15, at the significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed between the four groups in terms of the quality of life score in the DQOL-BCL before the educational program. However, this score increased in all study groups, especially in the insulin therapy group (mean difference=16.43). Conclusion: According to the results, health education program could be effective in enhancing health-related quality of life in the women with GDM.}, keywords = {Education,Gestational Diabetes Mellitus,Quality of life}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9256.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9256_c3ca0bdeaaede99d34150dd819272c26.pdf} } @article { author = {Kamyabinia, Zahra and Azhari, Sedighe and Mazloom, Seyyed Reza and Asghari Pour, Negar}, title = {The Relationship of Social Participation with Sexual Function and Satisfaction among Women of Reproductive Age}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1075-1081}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.9339}, abstract = {Background & aim: Sexual satisfaction is one of the most important aspects of sexual function, and it plays an essential role in marital satisfaction. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of social participation with female sexual function and satisfaction at reproductive age. Methods: In this comparative descriptive study, the data was obtained from a total of 284 married Iranian women who were divided into two groups of women with and without sexual dysfunction (n=142 in each group). The participants were selected via multi-cluster sampling method from public health centers in Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. The data collection tools included a socio-demographic form, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Keyes Social Health (Participation) Questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used in SPSS, version 20. Results: The mean age in two groups were 32.5±7.9 (with sexual dysfunction) and 31.1±7.2 (without sexual dysfunction) years, respectively. There was significant differences between the two groups in terms of social participation, sexual function (p <0.001), and FSFI sub-scale scores including sexual desire (p <0.01), arousal (p <0.001), lubrication (p <0.001), orgasm (p <0.001), and satisfaction (p <0.001). However, there were no significant differences in social participation and subscale of pain (P>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: Higher scores in social participation were associated with more favorable female sexual function.}, keywords = {Female,Sexual function,Sexual satisfaction,Social,Social participation}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9339.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9339_8009e1189a8f0bfdd50a1f2cda53a3fd.pdf} } @article { author = {Seyed Ahmadi Nejad, Farnaz Sadat and Seyed Ahmadi Nejad, Fahimeh and Golmakani, Nahid and Khajeh Poor, Mahin and Azizi Mayvan, Fatemeh}, title = {The Relationship between Happiness and Fear of Childbirth in Nulliparous Women}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1082-1089}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8324}, abstract = {Background & aim: Happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being. Happy individuals tend to interpret and process feeling in a positive way. Accordingly, the response to the pain may alter due to the effects of subjective elements on the pain perception. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the level of contentment and fear of childbirth (FOC) in nulliparous women referring to the healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 nulliparous women who were selected through multistage sampling method from urban healthcare centers in Mashhad, Iran, 2014. Data collected using demographic and obstetric questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (CAQ) (an instrument for measuring the FOC). Data analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent samples t-test, regression, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Tukey honest significant difference (HSD), Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient tests with SPSS software version 11.5. Results: The mean levels of happiness and FOC were 123.97±18.82 and 45.80±7.57, respectively. There was a significant correlation between happiness and FOC (p <0.001, r=-0.285), i.e. happier women experienced less FOC. Also Vaginal delivery was the preferred choice of the happier women (P=0.033, t=2.152). Conclusion: Considering the relationship between happiness and FOC, the necessary measures should be taken to improve happiness in pregnant women in order to increase their tendency toward normal vaginal childbirth.}, keywords = {Delivery,fear,Happiness,Nulliparous}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8324.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8324_af14709f5861b6c4087043c17f5a8e81.pdf} } @article { author = {Parnan, Azam and Tafazolim, Mahin and Azmoude, Elham}, title = {Comparison of the Sexual Function among Women with and without Diabetes}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1090-1097}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.9052}, abstract = {Background & aim: Globally, diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases, which is considered as the leading cause of sexual dysfunction. However, its effect on female sexual function is still inconspicuous. This study aimed to compare diabetic and non-diabetic women in terms of sexual function. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 diabetic and non-diabetic (n=90 for each group) women referring to the health facilities of Mashhad, Iran. The subjects were married, aged between 18 to 60 years and had experienced type II diabetes for at least one year. Data were collected using clinical and demographic characteristics questionnaire and Rosen’s Female Sexual Functioning Index. To analyse the data, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test were run using SPSS, version 16. Results: The mean age of diabetic and non-diabetic was respectively 52.42±9.8 and 43.58±9.39. ANCOVA reflected a significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic women in terms of total score of sexual function (P=0.002) and the score of five domains of desire (P=0.004), arousal (0.001), lubrication (0.003), orgasm (0.001) and satisfaction (0.002). Conclusion: Diabetes is a risk factor for sexual dysfunction in women, which causes negative effects on their sexual function; therefore, it is recommended to educate patients to protect them against these adverse effects.}, keywords = {Diabetes,Iran,Sexual function,Women}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9052.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9052_d8cad1a9a7776b48200ed3f9a95f0266.pdf} } @article { author = {Kolivand, Mitra and Keramat, Afsaneh and Khosravi, Ahmad}, title = {The Effect of Herbal Teas on Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1098-1106}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.9368}, abstract = {Background & aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder. Recently, the tendency towards complementary therapies such as using herbs with anti-androgenic effects has been increased. This study reviewed the documents related to the effect of four types of herbal teas on the treatment of PCOS based on the literature review. Methods: The searched databases included ISI, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane library, International Clinical Trials registry, MedLib, Society for Information Display (SID), Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IranMedex and Magiran,. The databases were searched for the clinical trials without any time limit and using English and Persian key terms included “polycystic ovarian syndrome”, “herbal therapy”, and “herbal medicine”. Results: Among 104 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effects of herbal medicines on the treatment of PCOS, only four studies were conducted on diverse types of tea. The results of one study on the effects of mint tea revealed a significant reduction in the total and free testosterone levels in the intervention group (p <0.05). Furthermore, the level of hirsutism measured by the patients’ self-assessment significantly decreased in the intervention group (p <0.05). One  study on the effects of green tea demonstrated the positive effect of this herb on weight loss (2.4% reduction) and decreasing the number of amenorrhea cases (P>0.05). Likewise, there was no significant alteration in the serum hormone levels in both groups (P>0.05). Another clinical trial determined the same effects ofusing Stachys lavandulifolia and hormone therapy. Accordig to another study, the level of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) significantly dropped after treatment with marjoram tea (P=0.05). Conclusion: The positive effects of various types of herbal teas on PCOS has been reported in different trials; however, further RCTs are recommended with larger sample size and prolonged duration.}, keywords = {Disorders,Herbal tea,Polycystic ovary syndrome}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9368.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_9368_3afcb48ae8f3f555603864efdb23e42d.pdf} } @article { author = {Nokhostin, Fahimeh and Dehghani Firouz Abadi, Razieh and Bashiri Zadeh, Mohammad}, title = {Pulmonary Metastatic Choriocarcinoma in a Patient with Ectopic Pregnancy}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1107-1112}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2017.8854}, abstract = {Background & aim: Gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT) most commonly follows a molar pregnancy. In fact, it can occur following gestational events such as induced or spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and term pregnancy. Case report: In this study, we present the case of a patient with ectopic pregnancy who was treated with a single dose of methotrexate (MTX). The maximum titer of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) was 402. Work up of occult metastatic GTT was carried out following MTX therapy, due to elevated BHCG titer. In the positron emission tomography (PET) scan, a 17-mm lesion was detected in the right lung and treated via thoracotomy resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Within an 18-month follow up, the patient did not reveal any symptoms and the BHCG titer level did not increase. Conclusion: Findings of this study revealed that after MTX therapy for ectopic pregnancy patients need to be followed up. Moreover, lack of BHCG titer decline, even in low tittering after treatment with MTX, can be related to GTT tumors or inadequate treatment for ectopic pregnancy.}, keywords = {Choriocarcinoma Ectopic,pregnancy,Pulmonary metastasis}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8854.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_8854_a5001813ab7f95ce7656b25f6b9341cf.pdf} }