ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparing the Effect of Peer Support and Training by Healthcare Providers on Women’s Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important factor affecting the success and duration of breastfeeding. Self-efficacy of people is influenced by four sources including performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and the physiological responses which seem to be modified by breastfeeding intervention. This study was conducted to compare the effect of providing peer support versus training women by health care providers on breastfeeding self-efficacy. Methods:This controlled clinical trial was conducted on 93 primiparous women in Mashhad health-care centres. Three centres were selected as clusters and subjects who attended each cluster were randomly allocated to three groups of peer support, training by health care providers and control. The peer support group received support from their peers four times. Subjects who were trained by health care providers participated in four training sessions by health care providers and the control group only received the routine care. At the end of the eighth postpartum week, data were collected using the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale. The data were analysed using ANOVA and paired t-test with SPSS, version 14. Results: The mean score of self-efficacy at the end of the eighth postpartum week, in the peer support, training by healthcare providers and control groups, were 54.4±9.75, 50.8±13.05 and 56.4±9.49, respectively. The three groups showed no significant differences in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy score at the end of the eighth postpartum week (P-value=0.125). Breastfeeding self-efficacy score at baseline and at the end of the eighth postpartum week were significantly different in peer support and training by health care providers groups (P=0.05). Conclusion: Peer support and training by healthcare providers have similar impact on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous women. So they could be used interchangeably to promote breastfeeding behavior.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_5629_e2ef074f5f0f02d5c84f7f7808c7e81f.pdf
2016-01-01
488
497
10.22038/jmrh.2016.5629
Breastfeeding
Education
Health care providers
Peer support
Self-efficacy
Asieh
Moudi
1
Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahin
Tafazoli
tafazoli@mums.ac.ir
2
a) Lecturer, Evidence-Based Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b) Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hasan
Boskabadi
3
a) Associate Professor, Neonatal Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b) Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Ebrahimzadeh
4
Lecturer, Department of biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Salehiniya
alesaleh70@yahoo.com
5
a) Assistant Professor, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran b) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Schanler RJ. Breast Feeding [P. Niknafs, trans]. 2nd ed. Tehran: Etelaat Publishing; 2002. P.35-291.
1
Khabazkhoob M, Fotouhi A, Majdi MR, Moradi A, Javaherforoushzadeh A, Haeri Kermani Z, et al. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Health Center Mashhad, 2007. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 2007; 3(3 and 4):45-53.
2
Eidman ChK. Enhancing breastfeeding self-efficacy through prenatal education [Master Theses]. Minnesota, United States: St. Catherine University; 2011.
3
Noel-Weiss J, Rupp A, Cragg B, Bassett V, Woodend AK. Randomized controlled trial to determine effects of prenatal breastfeeding workshop on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding duration. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2006; 35(5):616-624.
4
Zareai M, O’Brien ML, Fallon AB. Creating a breastfeeding culture: a comparison of breastfeeding practices in Australia and Iran. Breastfeeding Review 2007; 15(2):15-20
5
Velpuri J. Breastfeeding knowledge, and attitudes, beliefs, and intentions regarding breastfeeding in the workplace among students and professionals in health-related fields [PhD Thesis]. Blacksburg, Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institut and State University; 2004.
6
Uchendu UO, Ikefuna AN, Emodi IJ. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding among mothers seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. South African Journal of Child Health 2009; 3(1):14-17.
7
Blyth R, Creedy DK, Dennis CL, Moyle W, Pratt J, De Vries SM. Effect of maternal confidence on breastfeeding duration: an application of breastfeeding self-efficacy theory. Birth 2002; 29(4):278-284.
8
Dennis CL. Identifying predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the immediate postpartum period. Research in Nursing & Health 2006; 29(4):256-268.
9
Parkinson J, Russell-Bennett R, Previte J. The role of mother-centred factors influencing the complex social behaviour of breastfeeding: social support and self-efficacy. Sydney: Australian and New Zealand Marketing Conference (ANZMAC), 29 November ‐ 1 December 2010, Christchurch, New Zealand.
10
Bastani F, Rahmatnejhad L, Jahdi F, Haghani H. Breastfeeding self-efficacy and perceived stress in primiparous mothers. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery school 2008; 21 (54):9-23.
11
Varaei Sh, Mehrdad N, Bohrani N. The relationship between Self-efficacy and Breastfeeding,Tehran, Iran. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Hayat) 2009; 15 (3):31-38.
12
Pollard D, Guill M. The relationship between baseline self-efficacy and breastfeeding duration. Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research 2009; 9(4).
13
Dennis CL. The breastfeeding self-efficacy scale: Psychometric Assessment of the short form. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2003; 32(6):734-744.
14
Hauck Y, Hall WA, Jones C. Prevalence, self-efficacy and perceptions of conflicting advice and self-management: effects of a breastfeeding journal. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2007; 57(3):306-317.
15
Bowles BC. Promoting breastfeeding self-efficacy fear appeals in breastfeeding management. Clinical Lactation 2011; 2(1):11-14.
16
McCarter-Spaulding D, Dennis CL. Psychometric testing of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale-short form in a sample of black women in the United States. Research in Nursing & Health 2010; 33(2):111-119.
17
McCarter-Spaulding D, Gore R. Breastfeeding self-efficacy in women of African Descent. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2009; 38(2):230-243.
18
Otsuka K, Dennis CL, Tatsuoka H, Jimba M. The relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and perceived insufficient milk among Japanese mothers. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2008; 37(5):546-555.
19
McCarter-Spaulding D, Gore R. Social support improves breastfeeding self-efficacy in a sample of black women. Clinical Lactation 2012; 3(3):114-117.
20
Dennis CL. Peer support within a health care context: a concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2003; 40(3):321-332.
21
Tafazzoli M, Moudi A, Boskabadi H, Ebrahim Zadeh S. Comparing the effect of peer support and health care providers education on time to initiation of breastfeeding among primiparous women in Mashhad. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2012; 15(4):19-28.
22
UNICEF, WHO. Breastfeeding Promotion and Support in a Baby-Friendly Hospital, a 20- Hour Course for Maternity Staff [M. Farivar, S. Saadvandiyan, trans]. 1st ed. Tehran: Javan Publishing; 2008. P.46-256.
23
Muller C, Newburn M, Wise P, Dodds R, Bhavnani V. NCT Breastfeeding Peer Support Project. London: NCT; 2009.
24
Karimi A, Khadiv-zadeh T, Tara F, Ebrahim-zadeh S. Effect of kangaroo care on first breastfeeding success in neonatal period [Master Dissertation]. Mashhad: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; 2008. 138P.
25
Sharifirad Gh, Kamran A, Mirkarimi SK, Farahani A. Effectiveness of breastfeeding education on the weight of child and self-efficacy of mothers-2011. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion 2012; 1:11.
26
McQueen K, Dennis CL, Stremler R, D.Norman C. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a breastfeeding self-efficacy intervention with primiparous mothers. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2011; 40(1):35-46.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Female Sexual Dysfunction and its Associated Risk Factors: An Epidemiological Study in the North-East of Iran
Background: Female sexual function (FSD) is a multifactorial phenomenon. Sexual function is influenced by different personal and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate FSD and its contributing factors using female sexual function index (FSFI). Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 264 women referring to 11 health centers of Sabzevar, Iran during October 2012 to January 2013 using a convenience sampling. Data were collected using a validated Persian version of FSFI containing six domains of sexual desire, lubrication, sexual arousal, sexual satisfaction, orgasm and sexual pain as well as demographic questionnaire.Results: The mean age of women enrolled in this study was 32.2±10.27 years . Considering the cut-off point of sexual dysfunction at 28, 62.1% of the study population had FSD. Highest rate of FSD was estimated at 49.2%, Age was associated with a significant decline in total scores of FSFI (P=0.042). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between duration of marriage and total scores of FSFI (p <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, sexual desire was the most frequent contributing factor among FSD domains, and the majority of women ageing 21-26 years had at least one of the risk factors of FSD. In addition, our findings indicated that despite conventional beliefs, issues such as educational level has no significant effect on FSD in young women.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6041_ab5c84dece36870fe7e2f49dff88912e.pdf
2016-01-01
498
505
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6041
Desire
Orgasm
Sexual dysfunction
Women
Reza
Jafarzadeh Esfehani
drrezajafarzadeh@yahoo.com
1
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasrin
Fazel
n.fazel2012@yahoo.co.uk
2
PhD Student, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Sareh
Dashti
sareh_dmf@yahoo.com
3
PhD Student, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Moshkani
s.moshkani@gmail.com
4
BSc in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Faezeh
Haghighi Hasanabad
faezehhaghighi@hotmail.com
5
MSc in Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Samira
Foji
6
MSc in Nursing, Department of Paramedic Science, School of Paramedic, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Batool
Kamalimanesh
7
BSc in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Kammerer-Doak D, Rogers RG. Female sexual function and dysfunction. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2008; 35(2):169-183.
1
2. Burri A, Spector T. Recent and lifelong sexual dysfunction in a female UK population sample: prevalence and risk factors. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2011; 8(9):2420-2430.
2
3. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA. 1999; 281(6):537-544.
3
4. Safarinejad MR. Female sexual dysfunction in a population-based study in Iran: prevalence and associated risk factors. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2006; 18(4):382-395.
4
5. Fajewonyomi BA, Orji EO, Adeyemo AO. Sexual dysfunction among female patients of reproductive age in a hospital setting in Nigeria. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2007; 25(1):101-106.
5
6. Kariman NS, Tarverdi M, Azar M, Alavi Majd HA. Evaluating the effects of colporrhaphy on the sexual satisfaction of women. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility. 2005; 6(3):254-260.
6
7. Wiegel M, Meston C, Rosen R. The female sexual function index (FSFI): cross-validation and development of clinical cutoff scores. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2005; 31(1):1-20.
7
8. Basson R, Berman J, Burnett A, Derogatis L, Ferguson D, Fourcroy J, et al. Report of the international consensus development conference on female sexual dysfunction: definitions and classifications. The Journal of Urology. 2000; 163(3):888-893.
8
9. Mohammadi K, Rahnama P, Mohseni SM, Sahraian MA, Montazeri A. Determinants of sexual dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurology. 2013; 13(1):83-89.
9
10. Chedraui P, Perez-Lopez F, San Miguel G, Avila C. Assessment of sexuality among middle-aged women using the Female Sexual Function Index. Climacteric: The Journal of The International Menopause Society. 2009; 12(3):213-221.
10
11. Shokrollahi P, Mirmohamadi M, Mehrabi F, Babaei G. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women seeking services at family planning centers in Tehran. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 1999; 25(3):211-215.
11
12. Meston CM. Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in women with female orgasmic disorder and in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2003; 29(1):39-46.
12
13. Gerstenberger EP, Rosen RC, Brewer JV, Meston CM, Brotto LA, Wiegel M, et al. Sexual desire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): A sexual desire cutpoint for clinical interpretation of the FSFI in women with and without hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2010; 7(9):3096-3103.
13
14. Word Health Organization. Defining sexual health: report of a technical consultation on sexual health, 28-31 January 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
14
15. Laumann EO, Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, Paik A, Gingell C, Moreira E, et al. Sexual problems among women and men aged 40–80 y: prevalence and correlates identified in the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2005; 17(1):39-57.
15
16. Aslan E, Beji NK, Gungor I, Kadioglu A, Dikencik BK. Prevalence and risk factors for low sexual function in women: a study of 1,009 women in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Istanbul. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008; 5(9):2044-2052.
16
17. Shifren JL, Monz BU, Russo PA, Segreti A, Johannes CB. Sexual problems and distress in United States women: prevalence and correlates. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2008; 112(5):970-978.
17
18. Ibrahim ZM, Ahmed MR, Sayed Ahmed WA. Prevalence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction among Egyptian women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2013; 287(6):1173-1180.
18
19. Castelo-Branco C, Cancelo MJ, Chedraui P. Female sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Expert Opinion on The Therapeutic Patents. 2007; 17(6):639-647.
19
20. Bolourian Z, Ganjloo J. Evaluating sexual dysfunction and some related factors in women attending Sabzevar Health Care Centers. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility. 2007; 20(31):163-170.
20
21. Mazinani R, Akbari Mehr M, Kaskian A, Kashanian M. Evaluation of prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and its related factors in women. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 19(105):59-66.
21
22. Echeverry MC, Arango A, Castro B, Raigosa G. Study of the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in sexually active women 18 to 40 years of age in Medellín, Colombia. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2010; 7(8):2663-2669.
22
23. Fahami F, Hassanzahraei R, Beigi M, Arman S. The relation of socioeconomic factors and sexual dysfunctions in menopausal women. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2010; 10(2):61-64.
23
24. Reed SD, Newton KM, LaCroix AZ, Grothaus LC, Ehrlich K. Night sweats, sleep disturbance, and depression associated with diminished libido in late menopausal transition and early postmenopause: baseline data from the Herbal Alternatives for Menopause Trial (HALT). American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007; 196(6):593.e1-e7.
24
25.Golmakani N, SharifiSistani N, Taghi Shakeri M, Hasanzade Mofrad M, Sajadi Tabassi A. Comparing two treatment methods of vitamin E suppository and conjugated estrogen vaginal cream on the quality of life in menopausal women with vaginal atrophy. Journal of Midwifery and Reproduction Health. 2014; 2(4):253-261.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mother-infant Attachment Styles as a Predictor of Aggression
Background: Aggression is a phenomenon that causes irreversible damage to a community. Psychodynamic theory suggests that aggression is rooted in early relationships with family members, especially mother. According to this theory, infant-mother relationship is a major predictor of an individual’s behavior from childhood to adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between mother-infant attachment styles and aggression. Methods:This study was conducted on 150 university students (75 female, 75 male) randomly selected from Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan, Iran. Data were collected via demographic questionnaires, Persian version of Adult Attachment Inventory (AAS) (Hazen and Shaver) and Ahvaz Aggression Inventory (AAI). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results: According to our findings, secure mother-infantattachment had a significant negative correlation with aggression. In addition, ambivalent mother-infantattachment had a significant positive correlation with aggression, while avoidant attachment style had no significant correlation with aggression. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, secure attachment of mother with infant could reduce aggression during adulthood. On the other hand, ambivalent attachment between mother and infant could clearly increase the risk of aggression. Therefore, it is recommended to train different attachment styles to pregnant women through related workshops during pregnancy in order to prevent ambivalent mother-infant attachment.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6076_c15b9bee0950a59da83b5f9e4aef61fc.pdf
2016-01-01
506
512
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6076
Aggression
Mother-infant attachment styles
university Students
Rozita
Amani
ramani@basu.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics & Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Turner LA, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J. Attachment, relationship beliefs, and partner-specific assertiveness and psychological aggression among college students. Partner Abuse. 2011; 4(2):387-403.
1
Baron RA, Richardson DR. Human aggression. New York: Plenum; 1977.
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Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: separation, anxiety and anger. 2th ed. New York: Basic Books; 1973.
3
Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987; 52(3):511-524.
4
Bowlby J. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books; 2008.
5
Ainsworth MDS, Blehar MC, Waters E, Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1978.
6
McCarthy G. Attachment style and adult love relationships and friendships: A study of a group of women at risk of experiencing relationship difficulties. Psychology and Psycotherapy. 1999; 72(3):305-321.
7
Feeney JA, Noller P, Patty J. Adolescents' interactions with the opposite sex: Influence of attachment style and gender. Journal of Adolescence. 1993; 16(2):169–186.
8
Ainsworth MS. Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist. 1989; 44(4):709–716.
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McFadyen-Ketchum SA, Bates JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS. Patterns of change in early childhood aggressive-disruptive behavior: Gender differences in predictions from early coercive and affectionate mother-child interactions. Child Development. 1996; 67(5):2417-2433.
10
Greenberg MT, Speltz ML, DeKlyen M. The role of attachment in the early development of disruptive behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology. 1993; 5(1-2):191-213.
11
Besser A, Luyten P, Mayes LC. Adult attachment and distress: the mediating role of humor styles. Individual Differences Research. 2012; 10(3):153-164.
12
Liao KY, Wei M. Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms: Forgiveness of self and others as moderators. Personal Relationships. 2015; 22(2):216–229.
13
Van Durme K, Braet C, Goossens L. Insecure attachment and eating pathology in early adolescence: role of emotion regulation. The Journal of Early Adolescence. 2014; 35(1):54-78.
14
Dang SS, Gorzalka BB. Insecure attachment style and dysfunctional sexual beliefs predict sexual coercion proclivity in university Men. Sexual Medicine. 2015; 3(2):99-108.
15
Liu YL, Huang FM. Mother-adolescent conflict in Taiwan: Links between attachment style and psychological distress. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal. 2012; 40(6):919-932.
16
Lopez FG, Mitchell P, Gormley B. Adult attachment and college student distress: Test of a mediational model. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2002; 49:460–467.
17
Sochos A, Biskanaki F, Tassoulas E. Attachment style and interpersonal difficulties in immigrants with coronary hearth disease. North American Journal of Psychology. 2006; 8(1):145-162.
18
Dallaire DH, Weinraub M. Infant-mother attachment security and children’s anxiety and aggression at first grade. Journal of Applied Development Psychology. 2007; 28(5):477-492.
19
Hare AL, Miga EM, Allen JP. Intergenerational transmission of aggression in romantic relationships: the moderating role of attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology. 2009; 23(6):808-818.
20
Krejcie RV, Morgan DW. Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1970; 30(3):607-610.
21
Mayseless O. Attachment patterns of adults: New findings and a new scale. Fifth International Conference on Personal Relationships. Oxford: England; Julay 1990.
22
Besharat MA. Normalizing adult attachment scale. Tehran: University of Medical Science; 2000.
23
Zahedi Far S, Najarian B, shokrkon H. Construction and validation a scale for measuring aggression. Journal of education and psychology of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. 2001; 3(1):73-102.
24
Talebi BZ, Verma P. Aggression and attachment security. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007; 2(2):72-77.
25
Diamond LM, Hicks AM. Attachment style, current relationship security, and negative emotions: The mediating role of physiological regulation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2005; 22(4):499-518.
26
Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and inter-group tolerance. Psychological Inqurity. 2007; 18(3):139-156.
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Ooi YP, Ang RP, Fung DS, Wong G, Cai Y. The impact of parent–child attachment on aggression, social stress and self-esteem. School Psychology International. 2006; 27(5):552–566.
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Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. 3th ed. New York: Basic Books; 1982.
29
Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 2003; 35:140-152.
30
Shaver PR, Hazan C. Adult romantic attachment: Theory and evidence. Advances in Personal Relationships. 1993; 4:29-70.
31
Dutton DG. Attachment and violence: An anger born of fear. In: Shaver PR, Mikulincer ME, editors. Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2011. P. 259-275.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy among Women of Reproductive Age in Developing Countries: A Narrative Review
Background: Thecurrent population of the world is seven billion, and developing countries account for its 97%. Approximately 210 million pregnancies annually occur worldwide and 75-80 million of them are reported to be unintended. Multiple factors can contribute to unintended pregnancy, which need to be assessed to design interventions reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancies.This study aimed to identify the determinants of unintended pregnancy among women of reproductive age in developing countries. Methods:This review of the literature was carried out by retrieving articles from various databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, and Science Direct and using mesh terms and phrases including ‘unintended pregnancy’, ‘contraception’, and ‘determinants of unintended pregnancy’. The reviewed studies included descriptive studies, population council reports, demographic and health survey reports, the United Nations Children's Fund statistics, and the World Health Organization reports. Results: The most common determinants of unintended pregnancy in the literature were reported under the headings of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, sociocultural, fertility related, contraceptive methods, and access related factors. Conclusion: Multiple factors can predict unintended pregnancy, and these findings have significant policy implications. Policymakers and healthcare providers can benefit from the evidence on determinants of unwanted pregnancy to design and implement policies and programs that can support couples to have their desired number of children, without facing unnecessary threats to their health. Furthermore, more studies are needed to be done in future to assess the available cost-effective interventions for reducing unintended pregnancy and ultimately, to improve women’s and children’s health.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6206_5faec1574203bd9cf42029f399768a90.pdf
2016-01-01
513
521
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6206
Contraception
Determinants
Unintended pregnancy
Sumera
Aziz Ali
1
MSc in Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Senior Instructor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University of Medical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Savera
Aziz Ali
2
Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University of Medical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Nadir Suhail
Khuwaja
3
MSc in Health Policy and Management, Consultant in Monitoring and evaluation USAID Deliver Project
AUTHOR
Haub C. World population trends.World population data sheet. Available from: URL: http://www.prb. org/Publications/Datashee-s/2012/world-populati-on- data-sheet/fact-sheets. aspx; 2015.
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World Population Growth, 1950–2050. Population refernce Bureau. Available from: http://www.prb. org/educators/teachersguides/humanpopulation/populationgrowth.aspx; 2013.
2
How fast is the world population growing right now? World Population statistics. Available from: URL: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/; 2015.
3
Haub C. World population trends. World population data sheet. Population refernce Bureau. Available from: URL: http://www.prb.org/Publications/ Datasheets/2012/world-population-data-sheet/fact-sheets.aspx; 2012.
4
Hossain SMI, Khan ME, Rahman M, Sebastian MP. South east Asia regional training manual. New Delhi, India: Population Council; 2005.
5
World Health Organization. Family planning Fact sheet. Geneva:WHO; 2012.
6
UNICEF_SOWC-Special edition on children's rights.The state of the world’s children. Available from: URL: http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=SOWC&f =inID%3A34; 2011.
7
Calverton MU. Demographic and health survey. National institute of population studies islamabad, pakistan 2012-2013. Calverton: Macro International Inc; 2014.
8
Tsui AO, McDonald-Mosley R, Burke AE. Family planning and the burden of unintended pregnancies. Epidemiologic Reviews. 2010; 32(1):152-174.
9
Smith R, Ashford L, Gribble J, Clifton D. Family planning saves lives. 4th ed. Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau (PRB); 2009.
10
Glasier A, Gulmezoglu AM, Schmid GP, Moreno CG, Van Look PFA. Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death. The Lancet. 2006; 368(9547):1595-1607.
11
Adhikari R, Soonthorndhada K, Prasartkul P. Correlates of unintended pregnancy among currently pregnant married women in Nepal. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 2009; 9(1):17.
12
Iranfar S, Iranfar K, Ranjbar M. Is there any relationship between neonatal BABIES weight and unintended pregnancy? Pakistani Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009; 25(5):841-844.
13
Islam MM, Rashid M. Determinants of unintended pregnancy among ever-married women in Bangladesh. Journal of Family Welfare. 2005; 50(2):40.
14
National institute of population studies Islamabad Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13. Calverton: Macro International Inc; 2014.
15
Fakeye O, Babaniyi O. Reasons for non-use of family planning methods at Ilorin, Nigeria: male opposition and fear of methods. Tropical Doctor. 1989; 19(3):114-117.
16
Okonofua FE, Odimegwu C, Ajabor H, Daru PH, Johnson A. Assessing the prevalence and determinants of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Nigeria. Studies in Family Planning. 1999; 30(1):67-77.
17
Cu Le L, Magnani R, Rice J, Speizer I, Bertrand W. Reassessing the level of unintended pregnancy and its correlates in Vietnam. Studies in Family Planning. 2004; 35(1):15-26.
18
Rahman M. Women's autonomy and unintended pregnancy among currently pregnant women in Bangladesh. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2012; 16(6):1206-1214.
19
Henshaw SK. Unintended pregnancy in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives. 1998; 30(1):24-46.
20
Williams LB. Determinants of unintended childbearing among ever-married women in the United States: 1973-1988. Family Planning Perspectives. 1991; 23(5):212-221.
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Eggleston E. Determinants of unintended pregnancy among women in Ecuador. International Family Planning Perspectives. 1999; 25(1):27-33.ژ
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52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship of Perceived Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome with Knowledge, Attitude and Recorded Severity of Syndrom by a Daily Calendar among University Students in Iran
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a set of psychological and physical symptoms, which interfere with one’s daily life. The aim of this study was to determine whether the perceived severity of PMS symptoms is correlated with knowledge, attitude, and severity of this condition according to the daily registration calendar among students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Methods:This descriptive, analytical study was performed on 55 first-year bachelor students, who were residents of Ferdowsi University dormitories from February 2013 to June 2013. Data collection tools included the selection form, general health questionnaire, PMS diagnosis form (derived from DSM-IV), questionnaire of menstrual information, demographic characteristics, and perceived severity of PMS symptoms, questionnaires on knowledge and attitude towards PMS, and the daily registration calendar. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests were performed, using SPSS version 16.0. Results: The results showed thatknowledge about PMS was significantly correlated with the perceived severity of PMS (P=0.009, rSp =-0.35). However, there was no significant correlation between students’ attitude towards PMS and perceived severity of this condition (P=0.54, rSp =0.08). Also, no significant difference was found between the perceived severity of PMS symptoms and the severity of symptoms, according to the daily registration calendar (P=0.86, rSp =0.02). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the perceived severity of PMS symptoms was not significantly correlated with students’ attitude towards PMS or PMS severity, based on the daily registration calendar. However, there was a significant correlation between knowledge about PMS and perceived severity of this condition; therefore, planning is essential for improving students’ knowledge on this issue.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6124_3b94867b4f1ab8954cea5d7a54923687.pdf
2016-01-01
522
529
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6124
Attitude
Knowledge
Premenstrual syndrome symptoms
Roghayeh
Dadi Givshad
1
MSc in Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahla
Nourani Saadoldin
2
Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Habibollah
Esmaily
3
a) Associate Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
O'Brien PS, Rapkin A, Schmidt PJ. The premenstrual syndromes: PMS and PMDD. Florida: CRC Press; 2007.
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Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Tierney LM. Current medical diagnosis and treatment. New York: McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange; 2015. P. 747.
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11
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Cheng SH, Shih CC, Yang YK, Chen KT, Chang YH, Yang YC. Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome: A survey of new female university students. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 29(2):100-105.
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Tschudin S, Bertea PC, Zemp E. Prevalence and predictors of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a population-based sample. Archives Women’s Mental Health. 2010; 13(6):485-494.
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Balaha MH, Amr MA, Moghannum M, Muhaida N. The phenomenology of premenstrual syndrome in female medical students: a cross sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2010; 5(1):1-14.
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Direkvand Moghadam A, Kaikhavani S, Sayehmiri K. The worldwide prevalence of premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility. 2013; 16(65):8-17 (Persian).
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Sangestani G, Khatiban M, Marci R, Piva I. The positive effects of zinc supplements on the improvement of primary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2015; 3(3):378-384.
19
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20
Armand A, Talaee A. Investigating the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral stress-management training on decreasing the psychological problems and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome of afflicted women. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility. 2012; 15(21):24-31 (Persian).
21
Taghizadeh Z, Shirmohammaddi M, Arbabi M, Mehran A. The effect of counseling on premenstrual syndrome related symptoms. Hayat. 2009; 15(4):23-34 (Persian).
22
Davoodi I, Izadi Mazidy S, Mehrabizade Honarmand M. The effects of group cognitive-behavioral/ narrative therapy on the premenstrual syndrome of female students. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility. 2012; 15(11):7-15 (Persian).
23
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Marván ML, Cortés-Iniestra S. Women's beliefs about the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and biases in recall of premenstrual changes. Health Psychology. 2001; 20(4):276.
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Wong LP. Attitudes toward menstruation, menstrual-related symptoms, and premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls: a rural school-based survey. Women & Health. 2011; 51(4): 340-364.
26
Fathi-Ashtiani A, Dastani M. Psychological tests: Personality and mental health. Tehran: Ba'sat Publication Institute; 2009 (Persian).
27
Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 8th ed. Philadelphia: lippincott Williams & wilkins; 2011.
28
Kornstein SG, Clayton AH. Women’s mental health: a comprehensive textbook. New York: Guilford press; 2002.
29
lebovic DI, Gordon JD, Taylor RN. Reproductive endocrinology and infertility: Handbook for clinicians. 1th ed. Arlington: Scrub Hill press, Inc; 2005.
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Khajehei M, Abdali K, Parsanezhad ME, Tabatabaee HR. Effect of treatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D on the severity of premenstrual syndrome. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetric. 2009; 105(2):158-161.
31
Taghavi M. Validity and reliability general health questionnaire. Psychology Journal. 2001; 5(4): 381-398.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Midwifery Students' Attitudes towards Couples' Sexual Relationships and Their Clinical Skills in Providing Sexual Health of Counseling Services
Background: Midwives have a substantial role in evaluating and improving sexual health and providing family counseling. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical skills of midwifery students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in providing sexual health counseling services and determine their attitudes toward sexual relations of couples in the academic year of 2014-2015. Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 63 midwifery students, who were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection tools included an academic and demographic questionnaire, the questionnaire of attitudes toward couples' sexual relations, and a checklist to assess the midwifery students' clinical skills in taking sexual history, providing sexual counseling during pregnancy and menopause, and diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction. The checklist was completed by observers in objective structured clinical test consisting of five stations. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, repeated measures ANOVA, and regression, using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean score of students' attitude was 34.1±4.0 out of 40, and 85.7% of the participants had a very good attitude toward sexual relation of couples. The mean total score of the students' clinical skill was 22.6±8.0 out of 128, and 90.5% of the samples were at a poor level. Conclusion: Although providing sexual health counseling services is among the educational purposes of midwifery students and is one of the qualifications midwifery students and midwives must have, midwifery students' do not have satisfactory skills in this area. However, given the positive attitude of the students toward this issue, these skills can be promoted. Therefore, it is recommended to design and implement sexual health programs for midwifery students.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6127_095f88344eed3fd84558b32e69d2be75.pdf
2016-01-01
530
539
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6127
Attitude
clinical skills
Couples’ sexual relation
Midwifery students
Sexual health counseling
Talaat
Khadivzadeh
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mina
Ardaghi
2
MSc in Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
khadijeh
Mirzaii
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyyed Reza
Mazloum
4
a) Lecturer, Evidence-Based Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b) Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Esmat
Modaresi
honorpictures@yahoo.com
5
Lecturer, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Eshaghi SR. The importance of sexual health at the individual and community health. Monthly Magazine The Health and Development. 2011; 2:44.
1
Refaie Rafaei SK, Chinichian M, Eftekhar AH, Pourreza AG. Need assessment: sexual health education in family planning centers, Tehran, Iran. Payesh. 2010; 9(3):251-260.
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Nicolosi A, Laumann EO, Glasser DB, Moreira ED, Paik A, Gilgell C. Sexual behavior and sexual dysfunctions after age 40: The global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors. Urology. 2004; 64:991–997.
3
Laumann EO, Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, Paik A, Gingell C, Moreira E, et al. Sexual problems among women and men aged 40–80 y: prevalence and correlates identified in the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2005; 17(1):39–57.
4
Coverdale JH, Balon R, Roberts LW. Teaching Sexual history-taking: a systematic review of educational programs. Academic Medicine. 2011; 86(12):1590–1595.
5
Reproductive health. Defining sexual health. World Health Organization. Available at: URL: http:// www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topic/sexual_health/sh_definitions/en/; 2014.
6
Rafaei Shirpak KH. The book of public health. 2nd ed. Tehran: Arjmand Press; 2008.
7
Rafaei Shirpak KH, Eftekhar H, Mohammad K, Chinichiyan M, Ramazan Khani A, Fotuhi A, et al. Incorporation of a sex education program in health care centers in Tehran, Iran. Payesh. 2007; 6(3):243-256.
8
Maclaren A. Primary care for women, comprehensive sexual health assessment. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 1995; 40(2):104-119.
9
Mohebbi P, Kamaly Fard M. Quality of sexual health counseling provided premarital counseling centers in Tabriz from the perspective of clients. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2011; 2(1):23-30.
10
Pak Gohar N, Mir Mohammad A. Effect of pre-marriage counseling on sexual health. Tehran Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2005; 11(3-4):39-46.
11
Jorj R, Christiani T. Ravanshenasie moshavere nazariyeha ahdaf va farayandhaye moshavere va ravandarmangari. 6rd ed. Trans: Fallahi R, Hajillo M. Teharan: Roshd; 2012.
12
Papaharitou S, Nakopoulou E, Moraitou M, Tsimtsiou Z, Konstantinidou E, Hatzichristou D. Exploring sexual attitudes of students in health professions. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008; 5(6):1308–1316.
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Purabuli B, Azizzade FM, Mohammad AS. Knowledge and attitudes of nurses in sexual activity and educate it to patients with myocardial infarction and their spouses. Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2010; 2(4):5-6.
14
Guthrie C. Nurses’ perceptions of sexuality relating to patient care. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 1999; 8(3):313-321.
15
Satcher D. The surgeon general’s call to action to promote sexual health and responsible sexual behavior. American Journal of Health Education. 2001; 32(6):356-368.
16
Nusbaum MR, Hamilton CD. The proactive sexual health history. American Family Physician. 2002; 66(9):1705–1722.
17
Vollmer S, Wells KE, Blacker KH, Ulrey G. Improving the preparation of preclinical students for taking sexual histories. Academic Medicine. 1989; 64(8):474–479.
18
Khadivzadeh T, Erfanian F. The effects of simulated patients and simulated gynecologic models on student anxiety in providing IUD services. Simulation in Healthcare. 2012; 7(5):282-287.
19
Malekzadeh J, Erfanian F, Khadivzadeh T. Evaluating neonatal resuscitation skills of nursing and midwifery students using objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2015; 3(3):418-423.
20
Erfanian F, Khadivzadeh T. Evaluation of midwifery students' competency in providing intrauterine device services using objective structured clinical examination. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2011; 16(3):191-196.
21
Rashidi Fakari FR, Kordi M, Mazloom SR, Khadivzadeh T, Tara M, Akhlaghi F. Comparing the effect of traditional, web based and simulation training on midwifery students' clinical competence in postpartum hemorrhage management. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (JMUMS). 2015; 25(123):65-77.
22
McKelvey RS, Webb JA, Baldassar LV, Robinson SM, Riley G. Sex knowledge and sexual attitudes among medical and nursing students. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1999; 33(2):260-266.
23
Khadivzadeh T, Katebi MS, Sepehri Shamloo Z, Esmaily H. Assessment of Midwives' communication skills at the maternity wards of Mashhad teaching hospitals in 2014. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2015; 3(3):394-400.
24
Chun J, Carson CC. Physician-patient dialogue and clinical evaluation of erectile dysfunction. Urologic Clinics of North America. 2001; 28(2):249-258.
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Holey N, Mahenux B, Rivard M, Gervais A. Sexual health risk assessment and counseling in primary care: how involved are general practitioners and obstetrician gynecologist? American Journal of Public Health. 1999; 89(6):899-902.
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Garcia M, Fisher WA. Obstetrics and gynecology residents, self-rated knowledge, motivation, skill and practice patterns in counseling for contraception, STI prevention, sexual dysfunction, and intimate partner violence and sexual coercion. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2007; 30(1):59-65.
27
Beigi M, Fahami F, Hasanzahraei R, Arman S. Sexual dysfunction in menopause. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2008; 26(90):294-300.
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Kazutaskas KA, Lam CS. Disability and sexuality: knowledge, attitudes and level of comfort among citified rehabilitation counselor. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 2010; 54(1):15-25.
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's education to sexuality through reflective analysis of their sexual practice. Sexologies. 2012; 21(4):171-175.
30
Haboubi NHJ, Lincoln N. Views of health professionals on discussing sexual issues with patients. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2003; 25(6):291-296.
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Ozgoli G, Sheikhan Z, Dolatian M, ValaHee N. The survey of obstacle and essentiality health providers for sexual health evaluation in women referring to health centers related of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Pajoohandeh Journal. 2014; 19(4):175-183.
32
Palacios S, Castano R, Grazziotin A. Epidemiology of female sexual dysfunction. Maturitas. 2009; 63(2):119-123.
33
Wylie K. Sex education and the influence on sexual wellbeing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2010; 5:440-444.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Acute Burns during Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
Background: The incidence of acute burn injuries in pregnant women is very low. Burn injuries during pregnancy are often associated with a high rate of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. In this study, we aimed to review the cases of acute burn during pregnancy and evaluate the outcome of these patients in Mashhad, Iran. Methods:This retrospective study was performed using the medical records of 48 pregnant women with thermal injuries over a 13-year period. Results: The results showed that 8 (16.7%), 27 (56.3%), and 13 (27.1%) patients were in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Moreover, 14 mothers (29.2%) died, 24 (50.0%) were discharged without any fetal problems, eight (16.7%) had fetal death, 13 (27.1%) had abortion, two (4.2%) had normal vaginal delivery, and one (2.1%) underwent normal caesarean section. Conclusion: The rate ofmaternal survival in the first and second trimesters was higher than the third one. In the third trimester, pregnancy termination is indicated only after fetal maturation.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6123_2b38564e5daabcd96895dc7c959f441e.pdf
2016-01-01
540
543
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6123
Burns
pregnancy
Iran
Ezzatollah
Rezaei
rezaeie@mums.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor, Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Beiragi-Toosi
beiraghia@mums.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
Aliakbarian
aliakbarianh1@mums.ac.ir
3
General Surgeon, Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Alijani
alijanihr1@mums.ac.ir
4
General Practitioner, Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Shariat-Gonabadi
5
General Practitioner, Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Polko LE, McMahon MJ. Burns in pregnancy. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1998; 53(1): 50-56.
1
Kennedy BB, Baird SM, Troiano NH. Burn injuries and pregnancy. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing. 2008; 22(1):21-30.
2
Agarwal P. Thermal injury in pregnancy: predicting maternal and fetal outcome. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2005; 38(2):95-99.
3
Maghsoudi H, Samnia R, Garadaghi A, Kianvar H. Burns in pregnancy. Burns. 2006; 32(2):246-250.
4
Rezaei E, Safari H, Motamedolshariati SM, Afzal Aghaei M. Analysis of mortality in a burn center medical. JournalofMashhadUniversity of MedicalSciences. 2009; 52(4):239-243.
5
Karimi H, Momeni M, Momeni M, Rahbar H. Burn injuries during pregnancy in Iran. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics. 2009; 104(2):132-134.
6
Ghotbi SH, Beheshti M. Burn during pregnancy: a five year survey to assess maternal and fetal mortality. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2006; 7(4):1-5.
7
Maghsoudi H, Pourzand A, Azarmir G. Etiology and outcome of burns in Tabriz, Iran. An analysis of 2963 cases. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. 2005; 94(1):77-81.
8
Haddadin KJ, Haddad SY. Burns in the first trimester of pregnancy. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters. 2003; 16(3):138–139.
9
Mehdizadeh A, Akbarian A, Samareh PP, Tavajjohi S, MacKay RA, Alaghehbandan R, et al. Epidemiology of burn injuries during pregnancy in Tehran, Iran. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters. 2002; 15(4):163-169.
10
Othman N, Kendrick D. Epidemiology of burn injuries in the East Mediterranean Region: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10(1):83-93.
11
Mabrouk AR, el-Feky AE. Burns during pregnancy: a gloomy outcome. Burns. 1997; 23(7):596-600.
12
Akhtar MA, Mulawkar PM, Kulkarni HR. Burns in pregnancy: effect on maternal and fetal outcomes. Burns. 1994; 20(4):351-355.
13
Fardiazar Z, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Mohammadi R. Domestic injuries and suicide among women of reproductive age in Iran. International Journal of General Medicine. 2012; 5:547–552.
14
Gallal AR, Yousef SM. Burns in pregnancy: a ten-year review of admitted patients. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters. 2002; 15(3):113-115.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Influencing the Use of Prenatal Care: A Systematic Review
Background & aim: Prenatal care is a key strategy for achieving public health goals, primary healthcare objectives, and the Millennium Development Goals. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the use of prenatal care services in order to design suitable interventions and promote the use of these services. Methods:In this systematic quantitative literature review, studies published in years 2010-2014 were evaluated. For this purpose, two international electronic databases, i.e., Scopus and PubMed, were explored to find English-language articles by using relevant keywords; moreover, the reference lists of the articles were hand-searched. We reviewed all cross-sectional and prospective studies, which focused on factors associated with the use of prenatal care services within the specified period of time. Results: In total, 17 relevant articles were included in our review. The results showed that late initiation and inadequate use of prenatal care services are independently associated with multiple variables, including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, predisposing cultural and religious factors, social support, factors related to healthcare providers, women’s awareness and attitude, unintended pregnancy, high-risk medical or obstetric history, and health behaviors. Conclusion: Based on the literature review, proper use of prenatal care cannot be achieved merely by establishing healthcare centers. Utilization of maternal health services may be achieved and improved via developing socioeconomic factors and addressing patients' basic needs including education and financial independence.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6431_6afe6d8bc0df3144b505800e8495ddef.pdf
2016-01-01
544
557
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6431
Health Services
Health system
prenatal care
Providers
Shayesteh
Hajizadeh
shayesteh_ha2001@yahoo.com
1
PhD Student, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fahimeh
Ramezani Tehrani
frtehrani@yahoo.com
2
Professor, Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Simbar
msimbar@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshad
Farzadfar
4
Assistant Professor, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Unexpected Maternal Convulsion: An Idiopathic Case of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome after Delivery
Background & aim: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is associated with various clinical manifestations such as headache, blurred vision, confusion and tonic-clonic convulsion. Some of the predisposing factors for PRES include hypertensive encephalopathy, preeclampsia and eclampsia, lupus erythematosus, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. This condition rarely occurs after normotensive and uneventful pregnancies. Several theories have been proposed on the etiology of PRES. For instance, endothelial injury and brain edema have been reported as possible causes of PRES. Although PRES is a temporary condition, proper and timely management of the disorder in the acute phase is critical for the prevention of permanent neurological complications. During pregnancy, PRES is normally accompanied with hypertension.Case report: In this paper, we present a rare case of PRES in a normotensive pregnancy in a 25-year-old parturient woman (Gravida 2, Ab 1). The patient unexpectedly manifested symptoms of tonic-clonic convulsion one hour after an uneventful vaginal delivery, which were successfully managed.Conclusion: According to our observations, PRES has various clinical manifestations with unexpected occurrence in some cases. Therefore, it is recommended that maternity centers be well-equipped with resuscitation tools, emergency drugs and expert staff so as to manage unforeseen PRES efficiently and prevent permanent maternal neurological complications and mortality.
https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6036_23ae462a9eb416e8c6042b56bcfc3925.pdf
2016-01-01
558
561
10.22038/jmrh.2016.6036
Convulsion
Eclampsia
Posterior Reversible Ence-phalopathy Syndrome
Postpartum
pregnancy
Jila
Agah
drjilaagah@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Jafarzadeh Esfehani
drrezajafarzadeh@yahoo.com
2
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
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