@article { author = {Moudi, Asieh and Tafazoli, Mahin and Boskabadi, Hasan and Ebrahimzadeh, Saeed and Salehiniya, Hamid}, title = {Comparing the Effect of Peer Support and Training by Healthcare Providers on Women’s Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {488-497}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.5629}, abstract = {Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important factor affecting the success and duration of breastfeeding. Self-efficacy of people is influenced by four sources including performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and the physiological responses which seem to be modified by breastfeeding intervention.  This study was conducted to compare the effect of providing peer support versus training women by health care providers on breastfeeding self-efficacy. Methods:This controlled clinical trial was conducted on 93 primiparous women in Mashhad health-care centres. Three centres were selected as clusters and subjects who attended each cluster were randomly allocated to three groups of peer support, training by health care providers and control. The peer support group received support from their peers four times. Subjects who were trained by health care providers participated in four training sessions by health care providers and the control group only received the routine care. At the end of the eighth postpartum week, data were collected using the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale. The data were analysed using ANOVA and paired t-test with SPSS, version 14. Results: The mean score of self-efficacy at the end of the eighth postpartum week, in the peer support, training by healthcare providers and control groups, were 54.4±9.75, 50.8±13.05 and 56.4±9.49, respectively. The three groups showed no significant differences in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy score at the end of the eighth postpartum week (‌P-value=0.125). Breastfeeding self-efficacy score at baseline and at the end of the eighth postpartum week were significantly different in peer support and training by health care providers groups (P=0.05). Conclusion: Peer support and training by healthcare providers have similar impact on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous women. So they could be used interchangeably to promote breastfeeding behavior.}, keywords = {Breastfeeding,Education,Health care providers,Peer support,Self-efficacy}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_5629.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_5629_e2ef074f5f0f02d5c84f7f7808c7e81f.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafarzadeh Esfehani, Reza and Fazel, Nasrin and Dashti, Sareh and Moshkani, Sedigheh and Haghighi Hasanabad, Faezeh and Foji, Samira and Kamalimanesh, Batool}, title = {Female Sexual Dysfunction and its Associated Risk Factors: An Epidemiological Study in the North-East of Iran}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {498-505}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6041}, abstract = {Background: Female sexual function (FSD) is a multifactorial phenomenon. Sexual function is influenced by different personal and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate FSD and its contributing factors using female sexual function index (FSFI). Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 264 women referring to 11 health centers of Sabzevar, Iran during October 2012 to January 2013 using a convenience sampling. Data were collected using a validated Persian version of FSFI containing six domains of sexual desire, lubrication, sexual arousal, sexual satisfaction, orgasm and sexual pain as well as demographic questionnaire.Results: The mean age of women enrolled in this study was 32.2±10.27 years . Considering the cut-off point of sexual dysfunction at 28, 62.1% of the study population had FSD. Highest rate of FSD was estimated at 49.2%, Age was associated with a significant decline in total scores of FSFI (P=0.042). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between duration of marriage and total scores of FSFI (p <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, sexual desire was the most frequent contributing factor among FSD domains, and the majority of women ageing 21-26 years had at least one of the risk factors of FSD. In addition, our findings indicated that despite conventional beliefs, issues such as educational level has no significant effect on FSD in young women.}, keywords = {Desire,Orgasm,Sexual dysfunction,Women}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6041.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6041_ab5c84dece36870fe7e2f49dff88912e.pdf} } @article { author = {Amani, Rozita}, title = {Mother-infant Attachment Styles as a Predictor of Aggression}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {506-512}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6076}, abstract = {Background: Aggression is a phenomenon that causes irreversible damage to a community. Psychodynamic theory suggests that aggression is rooted in early relationships with family members, especially mother. According to this theory, infant-mother relationship is a major predictor of an individual’s behavior from childhood to adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between mother-infant attachment styles and aggression. Methods:This study was conducted on 150 university students (75 female, 75 male) randomly selected from Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan, Iran. Data were collected via demographic questionnaires, Persian version of Adult Attachment Inventory (AAS) (Hazen and Shaver) and Ahvaz Aggression Inventory (AAI). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results: According to our findings, secure mother-infantattachment had a significant negative correlation with aggression. In addition, ambivalent mother-infantattachment had a significant positive correlation with aggression, while avoidant attachment style had no significant correlation with aggression. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, secure attachment of mother with infant could reduce aggression during adulthood. On the other hand, ambivalent attachment between mother and infant could clearly increase the risk of aggression. Therefore, it is recommended to train different attachment styles to pregnant women  through related workshops during pregnancy in order to prevent ambivalent mother-infant attachment.}, keywords = {Aggression,Mother-infant attachment styles,university Students}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6076.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6076_c15b9bee0950a59da83b5f9e4aef61fc.pdf} } @article { author = {Aziz Ali, Sumera and Aziz Ali, Savera and Khuwaja, Nadir Suhail}, title = {Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy among Women of Reproductive Age in Developing Countries: A Narrative Review}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {513-521}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6206}, abstract = {Background: Thecurrent population of the world is seven billion, and developing countries account for its 97%. Approximately 210 million pregnancies annually occur worldwide and 75-80 million of them are reported to be unintended. Multiple factors can contribute to unintended pregnancy, which need to be assessed to design interventions reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancies.This study aimed to identify the determinants of unintended pregnancy among women of reproductive age in developing countries. Methods:This review of the literature was carried out by retrieving articles from various databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, and Science Direct and using mesh terms and phrases including ‘unintended pregnancy’, ‘contraception’, and ‘determinants of unintended pregnancy’. The reviewed studies included descriptive studies, population council reports, demographic and health survey reports, the United Nations Children's Fund statistics, and the World Health Organization reports. Results: The most common determinants of unintended pregnancy in the literature were reported under the headings of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, sociocultural, fertility related, contraceptive methods, and access related factors. Conclusion: Multiple factors can predict unintended pregnancy, and these findings have significant policy implications. Policymakers and healthcare providers can benefit from the evidence on determinants of unwanted pregnancy to design and implement policies and programs that can support couples to have their desired number of children, without facing unnecessary threats to their health. Furthermore, more studies are needed to be done in future to assess the available cost-effective interventions for reducing unintended pregnancy and ultimately, to improve women’s and children’s health.}, keywords = {Contraception,Determinants,Unintended pregnancy}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6206.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6206_5faec1574203bd9cf42029f399768a90.pdf} } @article { author = {Dadi Givshad, Roghayeh and Nourani Saadoldin, Shahla and Esmaily, Habibollah}, title = {The Relationship of Perceived Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome with Knowledge, Attitude and Recorded Severity of Syndrom by a Daily Calendar among University Students in Iran}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {522-529}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6124}, abstract = {Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a set of psychological and physical symptoms, which interfere with one’s daily life. The aim of this study was to determine whether the perceived severity of PMS symptoms is correlated with knowledge, attitude, and severity of this condition according to the daily registration calendar among students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Methods:This descriptive, analytical study was performed on 55 first-year bachelor students, who were residents of Ferdowsi University dormitories from February 2013 to June 2013. Data collection tools included the selection form, general health questionnaire, PMS diagnosis form (derived from DSM-IV), questionnaire of menstrual information, demographic characteristics, and perceived severity of PMS symptoms, questionnaires on knowledge and attitude towards PMS, and the daily registration calendar. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests were performed, using SPSS version 16.0. Results: The results showed thatknowledge about PMS was significantly correlated with the perceived severity of PMS (P=0.009, rSp =-0.35). However, there was no significant correlation between students’ attitude towards PMS and perceived severity of this condition (P=0.54, rSp =0.08). Also, no significant difference was found between the perceived severity of PMS symptoms and the severity of symptoms, according to the daily registration calendar (P=0.86, rSp =0.02). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the perceived severity of PMS symptoms was not significantly correlated with students’ attitude towards PMS or PMS severity, based on the daily registration calendar. However, there was a significant correlation between knowledge about PMS and perceived severity of this condition; therefore, planning is essential for improving students’ knowledge on this issue.}, keywords = {Attitude,Knowledge,Premenstrual syndrome symptoms}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6124.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6124_3b94867b4f1ab8954cea5d7a54923687.pdf} } @article { author = {Khadivzadeh, Talaat and Ardaghi, Mina and Mirzaii, khadijeh and Mazloum, Seyyed Reza and Modaresi, Esmat}, title = {The Relationship between Midwifery Students' Attitudes towards Couples' Sexual Relationships and Their Clinical Skills in Providing Sexual Health of Counseling Services}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {530-539}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6127}, abstract = {Background: Midwives have a substantial role in evaluating and improving sexual health and providing family counseling. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical skills of midwifery students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in providing sexual health counseling services and determine their attitudes toward sexual relations of couples in the academic year of 2014-2015. Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 63 midwifery students, who were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection tools included an academic and demographic questionnaire, the questionnaire of attitudes toward couples' sexual relations, and a checklist to assess the midwifery students' clinical skills in taking sexual history, providing sexual counseling during pregnancy and menopause, and diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction. The checklist was completed by observers in objective structured clinical test consisting of five stations. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, repeated measures ANOVA, and regression, using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean score of students' attitude was 34.1±4.0 out of 40, and 85.7% of the participants had a very good attitude toward sexual relation of couples. The mean total score of the students' clinical skill was 22.6±8.0 out of 128, and 90.5% of the samples were at a poor level. Conclusion: Although providing sexual health counseling services is among the educational purposes of midwifery students and is one of the qualifications midwifery students and midwives must have, midwifery students' do not have satisfactory skills in this area. However, given the positive attitude of the students toward this issue, these skills can be promoted. Therefore, it is recommended to design and implement sexual health programs for midwifery students.}, keywords = {Attitude,clinical skills,Couples’ sexual relation,Midwifery students,Sexual health counseling}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6127.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6127_095f88344eed3fd84558b32e69d2be75.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezaei, Ezzatollah and Beiragi-Toosi, Arash and Aliakbarian, Hassan and Alijani, Hamid Reza and Shariat-Gonabadi, Gholamreza}, title = {Acute Burns during Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {540-543}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6123}, abstract = {Background: The incidence of acute burn injuries in pregnant women is very low. Burn injuries during pregnancy are often associated with a high rate of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. In this study, we aimed to review the cases of acute burn during pregnancy and evaluate the outcome of these patients in Mashhad, Iran. Methods:This retrospective study was performed using the medical records of 48 pregnant women with thermal injuries over a 13-year period. Results: The results showed that 8 (16.7%), 27 (56.3%), and 13 (27.1%) patients were in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Moreover, 14 mothers (29.2%) died, 24 (50.0%) were discharged without any fetal problems, eight (16.7%) had fetal death, 13 (27.1%) had abortion, two (4.2%) had normal vaginal delivery, and one (2.1%) underwent normal caesarean section. Conclusion: The rate ofmaternal survival in the first and second trimesters was higher than the third one. In the third trimester, pregnancy termination is indicated only after fetal maturation.}, keywords = {Burns,pregnancy,Iran}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6123.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6123_2b38564e5daabcd96895dc7c959f441e.pdf} } @article { author = {Hajizadeh, Shayesteh and Ramezani Tehrani, Fahimeh and Simbar, Masoumeh and Farzadfar, Farshad}, title = {Factors Influencing the Use of Prenatal Care: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {544-557}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6431}, abstract = {Background & aim: Prenatal care is a key strategy for achieving public health goals, primary healthcare objectives, and the Millennium Development Goals. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the use of prenatal care services in order to design suitable interventions and promote the use of these services. Methods:In this systematic quantitative literature review, studies published in years 2010-2014 were evaluated. For this purpose, two international electronic databases, i.e., Scopus and PubMed, were explored to find English-language articles by using relevant keywords; moreover, the reference lists of the articles were hand-searched. We reviewed all cross-sectional and prospective studies, which focused on factors associated with the use of prenatal care services within the specified period of time. Results: In total, 17 relevant articles were included in our review. The results showed that late initiation and inadequate use of prenatal care services are independently associated with multiple variables, including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, predisposing cultural and religious factors, social support, factors related to healthcare providers, women’s awareness and attitude, unintended pregnancy, high-risk medical or obstetric history, and health behaviors. Conclusion: Based on the literature review, proper use of prenatal care cannot be achieved merely by establishing healthcare centers. Utilization of maternal health services may be achieved and improved via developing socioeconomic factors and addressing patients' basic needs including education and financial independence.}, keywords = {Health Services,Health system,prenatal care,Providers}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6431.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6431_6afe6d8bc0df3144b505800e8495ddef.pdf} } @article { author = {Agah, Jila and Jafarzadeh Esfehani, Reza}, title = {Unexpected Maternal Convulsion: An Idiopathic Case of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome after Delivery}, journal = {Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {558-561}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-4792}, eissn = {2345-4792}, doi = {10.22038/jmrh.2016.6036}, abstract = {Background & aim: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is associated with various clinical manifestations such as headache, blurred vision, confusion and tonic-clonic convulsion. Some of the predisposing factors for PRES include hypertensive encephalopathy, preeclampsia and eclampsia, lupus erythematosus, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. This condition rarely occurs after normotensive and uneventful pregnancies. Several theories have been proposed on the etiology of PRES. For instance, endothelial injury and brain edema have been reported as possible causes of PRES. Although PRES is a temporary condition, proper and timely management of the disorder in the acute phase is critical for the prevention of permanent neurological complications. During pregnancy, PRES is normally accompanied with hypertension.Case report: In this paper, we present a rare case of PRES in a normotensive pregnancy in a 25-year-old parturient woman (Gravida 2, Ab 1). The patient unexpectedly manifested symptoms of tonic-clonic convulsion one hour after an uneventful vaginal delivery, which were successfully managed.Conclusion: According to our observations, PRES has various clinical manifestations with unexpected occurrence in some cases. Therefore, it is recommended that maternity centers be well-equipped with resuscitation tools, emergency drugs and expert staff so as to manage unforeseen PRES efficiently and prevent permanent maternal neurological complications and mortality.}, keywords = {Convulsion,Eclampsia,Posterior Reversible Ence-phalopathy Syndrome,Postpartum,pregnancy}, url = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6036.html}, eprint = {https://jmrh.mums.ac.ir/article_6036_23ae462a9eb416e8c6042b56bcfc3925.pdf} }