Menstrual Cycle Hormone Changes Associated with Menstrual Cycle Interval in 9-18-year-old girls

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 MSc in Midwifery, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran

2 MSc in Midwifery, Department of the Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

3 Professor of endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

4 a) Assistant Professor, Maternal –fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran b) Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background & aim: Hormonal disorders may be associated with a variety of menstrual disorders that can have different health consequences and are an indicator women’s gynecologic health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of sex
hormones of the menstrual cycle related to the menstrual cycle intervals in girls aged 9-18 years.
Methods: In this two-stage cross-sectional study, 2000 girls aged 9-18 years old in first stage were selected conveniently from four districts of Shiraz, Iran in cluster form in 2015, and their pattern of menarche age (early, normal, late) was determined. In the second stage, 50 students with normal menarche and 12 students with late menarche were selected and each completed a questionnaire
including demographic characteristics, Hygam chart and menstrual bleeding characteristics (using Smith-Di Giulio criterion) questionnaire. Their hormones including TSH, Prolactin, FSH, DHEAS and Testosterone were also measured.
Results: The highest frequency of age was 16 years (40.3%) and the lowest was 17 years old (8.1%). The results of one-way analysis of variance between different hormones and menstrual cycle interval showed that there is a significant relationship
between TSH (P=0.03), Prolactin (P=0.002) and menstrual intervals. But no significant relationship was seen between LH (P=0.63), FSH (P=0.08), DHEAS (P=0.82), Testosterone (P=0.703) and menstrual intervals.
Conclusion: TSH and prolactin disorders are the most common hormonal disorders in girls with menstrual disorders. It is recommended to check these hormones in girls with various menstrual disorders after eliminating structural disorders and before starting different treatments for menstrual disorders

Keywords

References

  1. Karimi Z, Shokouhi F, Lotfizadeh M. Menstrual pattern, severity of dysmenorrhea and some related factors among female students of
    Shahrekord University in 2018. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty. 2021; 6(4): 9-20. URL: http://s
    jnmp.muk.ac.ir/article    -1-359-fa.html.
    2.     Draper CF, Duisters K, Weger B, Chakrabarti A, Harms AC, Brennan L et al. Menstrual cycle rhythmicity: metabolic patterns in healthy
    women    . Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(1): 14568. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32647-0
    3. Witkos J, Wrobel P. Menstrual disorders in amateur dancers. BMC Womens Health. 2019;     19(1): 87.
    4. Tayebi N, Yazdanpanahi Z, Yektatalab S, Pourahmad S, Akbarzadeh M. The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and
    Menstrual Disorders at Different Ages of Menarche and Sex Hormones. . Journal of the National Medical Association.. 2018;     110(5): 440-447. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.10.007. Epub 2017 Nov 23. PMID: 30129516.5. Elmaoğulları S, Aycan Z. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in AdolescentsJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology .
    2018;10(3):191-197. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.0014. Epub 2018 Feb 28. PMID: 29537383; PMCID: PMC6083466.
    6. Zandi G, Onsory K, Helalat SH, Mirzaee S, Agha Alikhani E, Sadeghi Harsini M, et al. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphonic disorder among thestudents of Islamic Azad University of Parand. New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal. 2013;     3(9): 113-120.
    7. Zarneshan A, Salehzadeh K, Ghorbanian B, Sharabiyani S, Shirpour S. The role of physical activity indices on menstrual dysfunction inFemale College Athletes. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 2013; 16(46): 20-27. doi: 10.22038/ijogi.2013.765
    8. Rafique N, Al-Sheikh MH. Prevalence of menstrual problems and their association with psychological stress in young female students studying health sciences. Saudi Med J    ournal. 2018; 39(1): 67-73. doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.1 .21438. PMID: 29332111; PMCID: PMC5885123.
    9. Dzhorbenadze MT, Kristesashvili DI, Chopikashvili NA. (The frequency and character of clinical manifestations of androgenization among adolescent girls). Georgian medical news. 2005;(129):23-5. Russian. PMID: 16444022.
    10. Ramezani Tehrani F, Zadeh Vakili A, Hashemi S, Amozgar A, azizi F. Associations Between Hormonal Profiles of Urban Iranian Women of Reproductive age: A Community Based Study of Four Provinces. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012; 14    (1) :32-38. URL: http://ijem.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1- 1243-en.html.
    11. Grymowicz M, Rudnicka E, Podfigurna A, et al. Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles. International journal of molecular sciences.
    2020;21(15):5342. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155342. PMID: 32731328; PMCID: PMC7432488.
    12. Hashemian Z, Afsharian P. Role of Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2020; 28(5) :2635-2647. URL:http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-5100-en.html.
    13. Sadoughi S. Effects of crocin on ovarian follicle and serum sex hormone in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rat model. Journal Of Ardabil University Of Medical Sciences. 2017; 17(2); 198-210.
  2. 14. Hou SH, Grossman S, Molitch ME. Hyperprolactinemia in patients with renal insufficiency and chronic renal failure
    requiring hemodialysis or chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 1985;     6(4): 245-249.
    15. Momeni A, Alibeigi M, Dehghani Z, Kheiri S. Correlation evaluation of sexuality disorders with serum Prolactin, adequacy of dialysis, and some laboratory findings in Hemodialysis patients. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2014; 32(278): 298-307.
    16. Sharifi, N., Najar, S., Tadaun Najaf Abadi, M., Rashidi, H., Haghighi Zadeh, M. Pattern of Puberty in Girls Lives in Ahvaz, Iran. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 2013; 16(77): 16-22. doi: 10.22     03 8/ijogi.2013.2102.
    17. Zia A, Stanek J, Christian-Rancy M, Ahuja SP, Savelli S, O'Brien SH. Utility of a screening tool for haemostatic defects in a multicentre cohort of adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding. Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia. 2018;24(6):957- 963. doi: 10.1111/hae.13609. Epub 2018 Sep 12. PMID: 30207633; PMCID: PMC6261667.
    18. Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Iqbal A, Iqbal ZA. Test- retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain. Journal of pain research. 2018;     11: 851-856.
    Published 2018 Apr 26.     doi:10.2147/JPR.S158847
    19. Kakuno Y, Amino N, Kanoh M, Kawai M, Fujiwara M, Kimura M, et al. Menstrual disturbances in various thyroid diseases.
    Endocrine journal. 2010;57(12):1017-22. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-216. Epub 2010 Oct 2. PMID: 20938101..
    20. Rajiwade SR, Sagili H, Soundravally R, Subitha L. Endocrine Abnormalities in Adolescents with Menstrual Disorders. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 2017;     68(1): 58-64.
    21. Lee D-Y, Oh Y-K, Yoon B-K, Choi D. Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in adolescents and young women with menstruation-related problems. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012;     206(3): 213.e1-.e5.
    22. Bieniasz J, Zak T, Laskowska-Zietek A, Noczynska A. (Causes of menstrual disorders in adolescent girls--a retrospective study).
    Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw. 2006;     12(3): 205-210.
    23. Rigon F, De Sanctis V, Bernasconi S, Bianchin L, Bona G, Bozzola M, et al. Menstrual pattern andmenstrual disorders among adolescents: an update of the Italian data. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2012; 38(1): 38.
    24. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Adolescent Health Care, Diaz A, Laufer MR, Breech LL. Menstruation in girls andadolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a
    vital sign. Pediatrics. 2016; 137 (3): e20154480; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-4480.
    25. Borna S, Ghanbari Z, Vaghefy T. Menstrual irregularities in thyroid diseases, Imam Hosptial (1999). Tehran University Medical Journal TUMS Publications. 2002;     60(6): 447-452.
Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health
Volume 10, Issue 3
July 2022
Pages 3366-3373

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics