Background & aim: Despite efforts to improve respectful maternal care during childbirth in Iran, progress remains limited. This study aimed to identify and synthesize factors that hinder or facilitate respectful maternal care within the Iranian context.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and JBI guidelines. Two independent researchers searched ten databases—CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Scopus, Irandoc, SID, ISC, and Medlib—using Persian and English keywords related to respectful maternity care, childbirth, mistreatment, dignity, autonomy, and Iran. Original qualitative and quantitative studies conducted in Iran and published between 2010 and 2024 were included. Of 833 records identified, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative data were extracted and integrated with qualitative findings through narrative synthesis, while qualitative data underwent content and thematic analysis.
Results: Most commonly reported disrespectful behaviors were verbal and physical abuse and violations of maternal privacy. Findings were grouped into four main themes: instances of disrespectful care (e.g., neglect, verbal abuse), barriers (e.g., staff shortages, inadequate infrastructure), facilitators (e.g., staff training, family support), and proposed interventions (e.g., educational programs, policy reforms). From healthcare providers’ perspectives, barriers were categorized individual and organizational factors, whereas recipients emphasized individual, health-related, and social determinants. Facilitators included interpersonal communication, provider characteristics, involvement of recipients and companions, governance. Interventions were classified as management-oriented and educational strategies.
Conclusion: This review highlights major disrespectful behaviors and key barriers and facilitators influencing respectful maternal care in Iran. Addressing staff shortages and improving healthcare settings are essential for sustainable quality improvements.