Background & aim: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cancer overall in the world. The Pap smear test is an effective method for detecting cervical cancer in apparently healthy women and is considered a health-promoting behavior. The Extensive Parallel Process Model (EPPM) is one of the frameworks that helps identify factors related to cervical cancer screening. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the factors related to cervical cancer screening in women using the EPPM. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 409 women who visited comprehensive health service centers and health bases in the outskirts of Hamadan city (in western Iran). The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was filled out by an interviewer and contained questions about background and demographic characteristics, as well as the EPPM constructs. The women were selected through cluster sampling from fourteen health service centers and health bases. Results: The study found that a majority of the participants (79.4%) had either never had a Pap smear or had not had one regularly. Additionally, 7.8% of the women in the study had a family history of cervical cancer. Several factors were found to be related to regular Pap smears, including perceived susceptibility (OR=1.54), perceived response efficacy (OR=1.43), family history of cervical cancer (OR=1.05), age at first marriage (OR=0.41), education level (OR=10.22), marital status (OR=1.42), and age of the women (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that cervical cancer screening is not commonly practiced among women in the outskirts. Several factors influence their decision to undergo regular Pap smears. The EPPM can be used as a theoretical framework to design and implement interventions that can increase awareness and motivation among women to participate in cervical cancer screening.
Afshari, M. , Shaygan Jamal, M. , Bashirian, S. , Maleki, S. , Akbari, Z. and Ezati, E. (2026). Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living in Deprived Areas: Applying Extensive Parallel Process Model. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, (), 1-10. doi: 10.22038/jmrh.2024.75074.2206
MLA
Afshari, M. , , Shaygan Jamal, M. , , Bashirian, S. , , Maleki, S. , , Akbari, Z. , and Ezati, E. . "Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living in Deprived Areas: Applying Extensive Parallel Process Model", Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, , , 2026, 1-10. doi: 10.22038/jmrh.2024.75074.2206
HARVARD
Afshari, M., Shaygan Jamal, M., Bashirian, S., Maleki, S., Akbari, Z., Ezati, E. (2026). 'Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living in Deprived Areas: Applying Extensive Parallel Process Model', Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, (), pp. 1-10. doi: 10.22038/jmrh.2024.75074.2206
CHICAGO
M. Afshari , M. Shaygan Jamal , S. Bashirian , S. Maleki , Z. Akbari and E. Ezati, "Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living in Deprived Areas: Applying Extensive Parallel Process Model," Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, (2026): 1-10, doi: 10.22038/jmrh.2024.75074.2206
VANCOUVER
Afshari, M., Shaygan Jamal, M., Bashirian, S., Maleki, S., Akbari, Z., Ezati, E. Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living in Deprived Areas: Applying Extensive Parallel Process Model. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 2026; (): 1-10. doi: 10.22038/jmrh.2024.75074.2206
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